Prevalent And Multiple Drug Resistance Indexes Of Typhoidal And Non-Typhoidal Salmonella Isolated From Stool Samples Of Hospitalized Subjects In Kano, North-West, Nigeria
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چکیده
Aim: The aims of the study were to determine the prevalent and multiple drug resistance indexes of typhoidal and non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates recovered from the stool samples of hospitalized patients in Kano metropolis. Study design: The study is a descriptive crosssectional study. Place and duration of study: Stool specimen was collected from each patient with some or all clinical features of salmonellosis that sign a consent form and transfer into wide-mouth screw crapped container. If daily is unavoidable stool samples were stored at 4 0 C. Samples were analyzed at the laboratory of the author. This work was carried out between May, 2012 and March, 2014. Methodology: The stool specimens were cultured onto deoxycholate citrate agar (DCA), SalmonellaShigella agar (SSA) and brilliant Green agar (BGA) followed by confirmation of presumptive colonies using different biochemical tests and analytical profile index 20E. Serologic identification of Salmonella was performed by slide agglutination test using polyvalent O and H Salmonella antisera. Antibiotic susceptibility studies were performed by the disc diffusion method using ampicillin, chloramphenicol, ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid and Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. Results: Although, the relationship between different age groups was not significantly associated (P < 0.05), patients under age bracket of 21-30 years were found to be more susceptible to Salmonella infections with 45 representing 9.0% followed in that order by 11-20 years (33), 31-40 years (27), ≤10 years (18) and >40 years (9) age groups, representing 6.6%, 5.4%, 3.6% and 1.8% respectively. The prevalent rate of Salmonella infections was significantly higher (P > 0.05) in males than the females patients with 78 (16.6%) and 49 (9.8%) respectively. The serovars of Salmonella Typhi was the most predominant with 34(25.8%) followed by Salmonella Typhimurium 31(23.5%), Salmonella Enteritidis 25(19.9%), Salmonella Paratyphi C 17(12.9%), Salmonella Paratyphi A 15 (11.4%) and Salmonella Paratyphi B was the least prevalent serovar with 12 (9.1%). Of the 132 isolates 118 (89.4%) were resistant to Ampicillin; 102(77.3%) resisted to Nalidixic acid; 53 (40.2%) resisted to Chloramphenicol, 35(26.5%) resisted to Cotrimazole while none (0.0%) resisted to Ciprofloxacine. 50 isolates were found resistant to 1 of 3 first-line anti-Salmonella antibiotics (ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol). Highest MARI was recorded from 45 (39.5%) isolates with MARI of 9.0 with two phenotypic patterns which differed in two different antibiotics (ampicillin and nalidixic acid). Conclusion: The frequency of Salmonella infections was highest among 21-30 year age group lowest in ≥40 year age group. However the rates of infection among all the six (6) age groups were not significantly associated. The prevalent rate of Salmonella infections was significantly higher (P > 0.05) in males than the females’ patients. However, Salmonella Typhi was predominant followed by Salmonella Typhimurium, Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Paratyphi C, A and B. Most Salmonella serovars isolated from patients in Kano, Nigeria resisted to Ampicillin. They also resisted to Nalidixic acid, Chloramphenicol and Cotrimazole, in decreasing order. Ciprofloxacine remained effective against all the Salmonella isolates tested. 50 isolates were found resistant to 1 of 3 first-line anti-Salmonella antibiotics (ampicillin, cotrimoxazole and chloramphenicol). Keywords—Salmonella serovars; Stool samples; Multiple antibiotic resistance index; Kano-Nigeria.
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